#ZachsLaw: world leading legislation
In September 2023, the Online Safety Bill, including Zach's Law, was passed. This is a huge win for all of us at the Epilepsy Society, and especially for Zach.
The new legislation is named after 12-year-old Zach Eagling, a young schoolboy with epilepsy and cerebral palsy, who was just eight when he became one of the first victims of a malicious online attack.
It is the first time in the UK, and to the best of our understanding in the world, that legislation has been written specifically to safeguard people with epilepsy and will mean anyone who posts flashing images with intent to trigger a seizure could face a five-year prison sentence.
This is the culmination of three years of campaigning by the Epilepsy Society, Zach and his mum, Claire Keer. Although Zach's Law was included in the Online Safety Bill in December 2022, a further nine months of scrutiny in both the House of Commons and House of Lords followed before the Bill itself was passed.
You can view a video about our Zach's Law journey.
How it was announced
In the House of Commons, Paul Scully, minister for tech and the digital economy, pledged that there would be a separate, standalone offence for epilepsy trolling - a true global first. Zach's Law was subsequently included in the Online Safety Bill and was approved by the House of Lords in 2023.
Scully's announcement was praised by the Epilepsy Society, Zach Eagling and a cross-party coalition of MPs.
After over 2 years of campaigning from Zach, his mum and the Epilepsy Society, this was the moment @scullyp officially announced Zach's Law WILL become law. He went on to say: "the deeply pernicious activity of epilepsy trolling will be punishable by law" A moment of history! pic.twitter.com/wzlmBu6I5z
— Epilepsy Society (@epilepsysociety) December 5, 2022
Could Zach's Law be the ultimate Christmas present for 11 year old Zach Eagling? After two years of campaigning, Zach's Law has been included in the Online Safety Bill and backed by Govt @dean4watford @Q66Suzi pic.twitter.com/gfxlw14yLL
— Epilepsy Society (@epilepsysociety) December 6 2022
What is Zach's Law?
The Online Safety Bill is legislation which includes measures to keep UK users safe online. It will make social media companies more responsible for their users’ safety on their platforms and will tackle issues including promotion of self-harm and cyberflashing.
For many years, people with epilepsy were targeted by internet trolls sending malicious flashing images with the deliberate intent to trigger a seizure. We understand the emotional and physical harm this caused for people with epilepsy. One of the people targeted was a eight-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and epilepsy called Zach.
Zach was doing a sponsored walk - his first unaided - for the Epilepsy Society when he was targeted by online bullies. The Epilepsy Society has campaigned since 2020 for the Online Safety Bill to criminalise the sending of flashing images and GIFs aimed at causing seizures and harming people with epilepsy. We have called this campaign #ZachsLaw. In December 2022, the Government agreed to include Zach's Law in the Online Safety Bill. In September 2023, the Bill passed and became the law of the land.
We were also in contact with a number of social media platforms to work to reduce risk to people with epilepsy online, including Twitter, TikTok, GIPHY, Tenor and Facebook.
The campaign
Prior to the Government's announcement in December 2022 that Zach's Law would be enacted, the Epilepsy Society enjoyed a number of other campaign wins, including:
- In July 2021, the Law Commission backed Zach's Law in their report Modernising Communications Offences (PDF opens in new tab). This was a crucial step in securing Zach's Law. Once we had the backing of the Commission, which reviews existing law and recommends new laws, we knew that politicians were more likely to listen to - and understand - our campaign. The report stated:
"We recommend that the intentional sending of flashing images to a person with epilepsy with the intention to cause that person to have a seizure should be made an offence."
- Following this, the Joint Committee on the Draft Online Safety Bill, an important cross-party parliamentary committee set up to scrutinise online legislation, also backed Zach's Law. And in January 2022, the Culture Select Committee gave Zach's Law its seal of approval.
- We hosted an online safety roundtable (video below), attended by both Conservative and Labour MPs
- We were featured in national newspapers including the Daily Express and Metro (opens in metro.co.uk)
- To cap it off, in June 2022 the Zach's Law campaign won both a Mark of Excellence award at the CIPR Excellence awards and Best Advocacy Campaign at the Purpose awards. And, in September 2022 we won Campaigning Team of the Year at the Charity Times awards.
- In October 2022, Zach met with 11 MPs in Parliament, all of whom were thrilled to meet him and thank him for his tireless campaigning
The campaign was mentioned several times in Parliament, including by MPs Suzanne Webb, Dean Russell and Kim Leadbeater.
World leading legislation
Paul Scully MP, Minister for Tech and the Digital Economy:
"It beggars believe when depraved individuals target people with epilepsy by sending flashing images. I pay tribute to courageous Zach and the Epilepsy Society for their tireless efforts for change."
Claire Keer, Zach's mum:
"When Zach was first attacked on Twitter by internet trolls sending flashing images to try to trigger a seizure, I could not believe how mindless and malicious people could be.
" But my faith in humanity has been completely restored by the unfailing support we have received. I've been so proud of Zach as figurehead of the Epilepsy Society's campaign to make the law on this barbaric behaviour fit for the 21st century."
Clare Pelham, Chief Executive, Epilepsy Society:
"This is the first specific law introduced to protect the 600,000 with epilepsy. This is world-leading legislation."
Latest updates
Zach's Law: celebrating a great campaign
We had a truly remarkable celebration of our Zach’s Law campaign last week, with Zach meeting the Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, and Leader of the Opposition, Sir Keir Starmer, and having photographs taken at 10 Downing Street.
Zach's Law now official
The Epilepsy Society has welcomed the passing of Zach's Law, which means it will become a criminal offence for anyone to try to trigger a seizure in someone with epilepsy by targeting them with flashing images online.
Zach's Law: the journey
For over three years, Zach Eagling, Claire Keer and the Epilepsy Society have fought for Zach's Law. Today, the journey is over. The Online Safety Bill, including Zach's Law, has passed. At last the online trolls will be silenced.
Zach’s Law - how it happened
An 11-year-old boy from Liversedge may seem a long way from the legislative procedure that determines our laws in Parliament. But Zach Eagling is an old hand when it comes to legal issues.
For almost a quarter of his life Zach has been meeting politicians and policy makers as he has fought to change the law to protect people who, like him, have epilepsy.
Zach goes to Parliament
On a day of political firsts, Zach Eagling, the 11 year old inspiration behind #ZachsLaw, visited Parliament to thank MPs for their ongoing support.
Zach's Law to be introduced in House of Lords
Amid ongoing turmoil in Westminster, one policy unites MPs from across the political divide: Zach's Law.
Government commits to making Zach's Law a specific offence
It was a major win in parliament today for our Zach's Law campaign, when Minister Chris Philp gave his unequivocal commitment to introduce a stand-alone offence to tackle internet trolls who maliciously target people with epilepsy.
Zach's Law: our award winning campaign
Much to our delight - and surprise - last week saw the Epilepsy Society win two awards in just three days for our #ZachsLaw campaign.
Minister promises trolls who target people with epilepsy could face prison
Today (Tuesday 19 April 2022), the Online Safety Bill will have its second reading in the House of Commons. This is a chance for MPs to debate this most important piece of legislation in the internet age. The Epilepsy Society is pleased to have the support of Minister Chris Philp in backing our Zach’s Law campaign to tackle internet trolls who target people with epilepsy in order to trigger seizures.
Epilepsy Society shortlisted for top award
All of us at the Epilepsy Society are delighted to have been shortlisted for a prestigious campaigning award.
Zach’s Law not in first reading of Online Safety Bill but the campaign continues
The Epilepsy Society is disappointed that Zach’s Law was not included in the first reading of the Online Safety Bill in Parliament yesterday. However, we are hopeful that the new offence to protect people with epilepsy from internet trolls will be included at a later stage in the legislative process.
MPs say draft online safety laws not "clear or robust"
MPs who have been supportive of Zach's Law argue that there is still more to do in tightening the draft online safety laws.
Zach's Law moves a step closer to protecting people with epilepsy online
In a landmark report, MPs and peers are urging the government to introduce a new offence – Zach’s Law – to protect people with epilepsy from malicious posts designed to cause seizures.
Can artificial intelligence stop the harsh reality of internet trolling?
Bristol-based innovation agency, Gravitywell, have developed technology to teach a piece of artificial intelligence (AI) how to detect and prevent the spread of flashing images on social media that could trigger seizures.
Twitter promises to tackle internet trolls before Christmas
After more than 18 months of campaigning by the Epilepsy Society, a senior director at Twitter has given MPs his word that they will put a stop to flashing images that could pose a danger to people with photosensitive epilepsy on the social media platform.
Zach Eagling - always a winner
Ten-year-old epilepsy campaigner, Zach Eagling, was honoured at a prestigious charity awards ceremony in central London in September 2021.
Have your say on the Online Safety Bill
The Epilepsy Society is encouraging people affected by epilepsy to submit their views on online safety to an important parliamentary committee.
Zach, 10, is short-listed for Unsung Hero Award
We are incredibly proud to announce that 10-year-old Zach Eagling – the figurehead of our Zach’s Law campaign – has been shortlisted as an Unsung Hero in the Third Sector Excellence Awards.
Law Commission recommends specific offence for malicious tweets sent to trigger seizures
We are thrilled to see that the Law Commission is calling on the government to introduce a specific offence to deal with flashing images posted on social media to trigger seizures in people with epilepsy.
Online Safety Bill: "a step in the right direction"
The Epilepsy Society has welcomed the publication of a new Bill which aims to promote online safety, but we believe more needs to be done to protect people with epilepsy from internet trolling.
Footballers and people with epilepsy team up to tackle internet trolls
Footballers are putting up a united front alongside people with epilepsy as they ask Prince William, president of the Football Association, for his support in tackling internet trolls.
Government pledges to tackle online abuse
The Government has promised that Ofcom will have “a suite of enforcement powers” to tackle online abuse against people with epilepsy.
Daily Express backs our #ZachsLaw campaign
We are thrilled to see that the Daily Express is today (19 February 2021) backing our Zach’s Law campaign to bring to justice internet trolls who send flashing images to people with epilepsy in order to trigger seizures.
Epilepsy Society welcomes tough financial penalties on social media companies who fail to protect users
A Government decision to impose tough financial penalties on social media companies that do not safeguard their users, has been welcomed by the Epilepsy Society.
TikTok to introduce feature that filters photosensitive videos
Epilepsy Society welcomes the news that TikTok is introducing a new feature that filters photosensitive videos. This is a significant step in helping to safeguard users with epilepsy.
Hero Zach completes his 2.6 challenge
This was the joyful moment when nine-year-old Zach Eagling crossed the finishing line to complete his #twopointsix challenge, raising a staggering £11,500 for the Epilepsy Society.
Criminal Law Commissioner vows to tackle trolls targeting people with epilepsy
Criminal Law Commissioner, Professor Penney Lewis, has warned that anyone who sends flashing images to people with epilepsy, provoking a seizure, could potentially be guilty of an offence such as assault causing actual bodily harm.
New law reforms could safeguard people from online harms
Epilepsy Society welcomes new proposals from the Law Commission to reform the law and better protect people from online harm. The news follows an ongoing campaign by the charity to make it a criminal offence to target people with epilepsy with malicious posts designed to trigger seizures.
Epilepsy and staying safe on social media
As social media continues to play an increasingly large role in modern life, this can bring with it extra challenges for people with epilepsy, especially for those who have photosensitive epilepsy. Here are some simple steps you can take to make using social media a safer experience.
Epilepsy Society welcomes GIPHY’s prompt action to reduce online risk to people with epilepsy
The GIF library GIPHY have taken prompt action to reduce the risk for people with photosensitive epilepsy online, following Epilepsy Society’s concerns about harmful content in the library.
Epilepsy Society welcomes Twitter’s ban of GIF search terms
Twitter have taken the decision to ban three key search terms, ‘epileptic, photosensitive and photosensitivity’ from its GIF search function, after internet trolls persistently used them to access flashing images with the intent of triggering seizures in people with epilepsy.
PM Boris Johnson commits to helping our campaign to fight internet trolls
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has made a firm commitment to raise our concerns about malicious tweets designed to provoke seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy, with Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Oliver Dowden.
Epilepsy Society sees worst ever bullying attack on Twitter
UK charity sees worst ever cyber bullying attack on Twitter as eight-year-old boy with epilepsy and cerebral palsy is targeted.
Safeguard people with photosensitive epilepsy online, Epilepsy Society tells Government
Epilepsy Society has once again called on the Government to safeguard people with photosensitive epilepsy online, by including them in their Online Harms Bill.
Epilepsy Society calls on Gov to safeguard people with photosensitive epilepsy online
Epilepsy Society is calling on the Government to safeguard people with photosensitive epilepsy online by regulating flashing images that could induce a seizure.